{"id":2524,"date":"2025-11-30T10:36:32","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T10:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/?p=2524"},"modified":"2025-12-19T18:22:21","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T18:22:21","slug":"de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/","title":{"rendered":"De un VPS comercial al sal\u00f3n de casa. Parte 2 \u2013 Hardware y Software"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u00cdndice<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Alternar tabla de contenidos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/#Hardware\" >Hardware<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/#Lista_de_la_compra_Julio_2025\" >Lista de la compra (Julio 2025)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/#Software\" >Software<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/#Sistema_Operativo\" >Sistema Operativo<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/#Servidor_web\" >Servidor web<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/#Certificados\" >Certificados<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/#Base_de_datos\" >Base de datos<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/#Estadisticas\" >Estad\u00edsticas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/#Firewall\" >Firewall<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/#Dominios\" >Dominios<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/#En_conclusion\" >En conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hardware\"><\/span>Hardware<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para mi aventura personal he elegido una <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.com\/products\/raspberry-pi-5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Raspberry PI 5<\/a> de 8GB de RAM con una microSD de 512GB. La he montado en una caja de metacrilato con display incorporado para poder ver, entre otras cosas, CPU y RAM libres, IP y temperatura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por supuesto, existen muchas configuraciones. Puedes comprar la versi\u00f3n con m\u00e1s RAM o incluso optar por instalar un SSD M.2 NVMe, todo depende una vez m\u00e1s del factor econ\u00f3mico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lista_de_la_compra_Julio_2025\"><\/span>Lista de la compra (Julio 2025)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Raspberry PI 5 8GB RAM<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.es\/Raspberry-8GB-Alimentaci%C3%B3n-Tarjetas-Destornillador\/dp\/B0DB1WKYQ3\/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?crid=3GZ84RAUWPFC3&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.AmdXxOMAftImFOrihBQhxEHtVViCjTqxAHtx9wdM7QW3mFMfXynxIMxd8EzNFvOkZceCs_S_gxS7VNLDJ8J6td8oylXKGLlO_OiTdELo9Wfqye2Gm850JgqM22QGW7jnbGz3TEQhfCi1a5heEuXQHwFRJ3ESqhk1JyYIY06lK-a7DOKq-zikDpdei7Tiaw_e36TPNjWk2904bRLcvS0Xh4DeQX3XKCwAQYNzWU1PwW7eSQl-2rve9H3tMxmJM72HgWXMg3e4U7TT4T6iu2LXGQcYqug58a7tZPVl9jGrdAk.q6KH2gX3DPtHKKst6GGhcVl0iD1T-jUTo0lLI_SCFlw&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=rastech+raspberry+pi+5+8gb&amp;qid=1757803270&amp;sprefix=rastech%2Caps%2C88&amp;sr=8-1-spons&amp;ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.5e544547-1f8e-4072-8c08-ed563e39fc7d&amp;sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9hdGY&amp;psc=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Amzn<\/a>] [139,99\u20ac]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MicroSD 512GB<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.es\/Tarjeta-Memoria-Samsung-MB-MC512S-512\/dp\/B0D1CHNC49\/ref=sr_1_21?crid=ZBOXDTSGDCPD&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.ELeVd9INp8UfyNlJ45seP7jiSaZ_7KcdtQ_qhekxq9FCgdN4R1rT4VavRGSac1LHBLhe5t1Qu51do5dTYPu1AJtV0TYraDj9rzwI_g60GZSX9ZlTmVWfY30nlvN-n8KMoZxvsTZ4nDgPFKlnmxYsPxM7WCXz1dXWhImKK0STb8C7viHLa4P7X4cNP22u6lSPl39PyD8tpJqgqAZ7kIyl7k8IDHwBota1USRUhoLYTb2VotXYVtbNLiQyJUstrLHV4iUwZjZMdF_TykBDUFlI92ZF4xd6FeJcdyXuo3oEvP4.Xal86skYJFIz2WppP-05FPh_94NAxiJ0ghtHCzRLpgk&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=microsd+512gb&amp;qid=1757803727&amp;sprefix=microsd+512%2Caps%2C88&amp;sr=8-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Amzn<\/a>] [44,95\u20ac] No conviene racanear en la tarjeta. Las hay m\u00e1s baratas de marcas desconocidas, conf\u00eda en mi, a la larga salen m\u00e1s caras.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Caja con display<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.es\/GeeekPi-Raspberry-enfriador-ventilador-refrigeraci%C3%B3n\/dp\/B0CQZFGC2Q\/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_es_ES=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&amp;crid=25JT2G9DDHNAE&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.wKVCnlY2N8Nv3YyNwOGtNc9f0kxG-pLYTrRvW-uf8GBLggF6CSvttytFgLNdODpVDW5cD8sXBFn-GaiEGZ-0JPfftY3HZShkjcv1XHGp5QhcXiBWS7CvnWDF_CTmxpKRYf6XZUfP3hm_MTN1Xm3u1-tGJ-5d8cpvcwqY9SQfLpTXZC3469lXIwZWqoL-J8pitI4wtbmM6Xeoi9ZXhJEtr6K9tUDITjeWDswb6h2S4BpcR24E3sxXm1E4yYx7fzD_4KJg4uY6SMRe185OP796HvkTNduJcAlK9Tc9m7oZC9w.FI_9vTIhXELQ_3r2lucc-8XMWPQqcDBcnWdgrfSb5L4&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=GeeekPi+Kit+de+mini+torre+para+Raspberry+Pi&amp;qid=1757803081&amp;sprefix=geeekpi+kit+de+mini+torre+para+raspberry+pi%2Caps%2C62&amp;sr=8-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Amzn<\/a>] [36,99\u20ac] El kit trae tambi\u00e9n un ventilador<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coste <strong>m\u00ednimo 184,94\u20ac<\/strong> y Coste <strong>m\u00e1ximo 221,93\u20ac<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Software\"><\/span>Software<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cabe destacar que para la parte de software he recurrido a software libre por lo que no supone ning\u00fan gasto a\u00f1adido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sistema_Operativo\"><\/span>Sistema Operativo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La elecci\u00f3n m\u00e1s razonable es <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raspberry_Pi_OS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Raspberry Pi OS<\/a> (antes Raspbian)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Servidor_web\"><\/span>Servidor web<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yo utilizo <a href=\"https:\/\/nginx.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nginx <\/a>como servidor web debido a que es muy sencillo de utilizar y tiene mejor rendimiento que Apache. La configuraci\u00f3n de nginx abarca pr\u00e1cticamente la totalidad de comandos a introducir y como ver\u00e9is en la tercera parte, es muy sencilla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El servidor web se lleva casi todo el protagonismo en el apartado de configuraci\u00f3n ya que todo est\u00e1 ligado a \u00e9l, python, php, mariaDB, entre otros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Certificados\"><\/span>Certificados<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los certificados se configuran mediante <a href=\"https:\/\/letsencrypt.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Let&#8217;s Encrypt<\/a>. Estos certificados son gratuitos y se deben renovar cada 3 meses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Base_de_datos\"><\/span>Base de datos<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para la gesti\u00f3n de bases de datos utilizo <a href=\"https:\/\/mariadb.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MariaDB<\/a>, un fork de MySQL totalmente compatible y con licencia libre. La elecci\u00f3n de MariaDB frente a MySQL se debe principalmente por razones de rendimiento y compatibilidad. MariaDB es m\u00e1s que suficiente para gestionar usuarios, contrase\u00f1as y datos de cualquier aplicaci\u00f3n web que quiero montar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Estadisticas\"><\/span>Estad\u00edsticas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para las estad\u00edsticas web he usado <a href=\"https:\/\/goaccess.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GoAccess <\/a>por su sencillez de implementaci\u00f3n y porque para mi es suficiente, aunque existen multitud de alternativas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Firewall\"><\/span>Firewall<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hace a\u00f1os que el spam y los bots son un problema y gordo, por ello es necesario utilizar un firewall. Mi recomendaci\u00f3n es usar <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fail2ban\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fail2ban<\/a>+<a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nftables\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nftables<\/a> para configurar la capa de seguridad b\u00e1sica en estos casos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dominios\"><\/span>Dominios<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un aspecto del que no nos podemos independizar es del <strong>registrador de dominios<\/strong>. A d\u00eda de hoy los precios son bastante razonables, pudiendo oscilar entre 10 y 20\u20ac al a\u00f1o dependiendo de la extensi\u00f3n. De lo \u00fanico que nos tenemos que preocupar es de entender bien la configuraci\u00f3n a realizar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"En_conclusion\"><\/span>En conclusi\u00f3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La inversi\u00f3n en hardware var\u00eda entre 185 y 220\u20ac siendo el \u00fanico pago anual el\/los dominios. Ten en cuenta que esto es un inicio y que m\u00e1s adelante y dependiendo del alcance de tun proyecto, quiz\u00e1 sea necesaria una peque\u00f1a inversi\u00f3n en tarjetas microSD con backups, tener una fuente de alimentaci\u00f3n de reserva, alimentar mediante un SAI al router y a la Raspi e incluso, y no lo digo en broma, tener otra raspi de repuesto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En la tercera parte abordar\u00e9 la configuraci\u00f3n utilizada que aunque no es mucha, puede abrumar al que no se ha pegado nunca con Linux. Como nuestra base a partir de ahora va a ser Linux, te recomiendo que al menos te informes sobre el sistema de archivos que utiliza, la administraci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica y que te mentalices a introducir comandos mediante la terminal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hardware Para mi aventura personal he elegido una Raspberry PI 5 de 8GB de RAM con una microSD de 512GB. La he montado en una caja de metacrilato con display incorporado para poder ver, entre otras cosas, CPU y RAM libres, IP y temperatura. Por supuesto, existen muchas configuraciones. Puedes comprar la versi&oacute;n con m&aacute;s RAM o incluso optar por instalar un SSD M.2 NVMe, todo depende una vez m&aacute;s del factor econ&oacute;mico. Lista de la compra (Julio 2025) Coste&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"><a class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/2025\/11\/de-un-vps-comercial-al-salon-de-casa-parte-2-hardware-y-software\/\"> Leer m\u00e1s<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  Leer m\u00e1s<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2537,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","wpupg_custom_link":[],"wpupg_custom_link_behaviour":[],"wpupg_custom_link_nofollow":[],"wpupg_custom_image":[],"wpupg_custom_image_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[74,55,68],"tags":[245,244,204,200,69,71],"class_list":["post-2524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curiosidades","category-linux","category-raspberry-pi","tag-iptables","tag-nginx","tag-php","tag-python","tag-raspberry-pi","tag-raspbian"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2524"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2524\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2592,"href":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2524\/revisions\/2592"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2537"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/garikoitz.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}